Category: System Process (系统进程)

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[STEP] Limitation of the amount of the file which can be opened by Linux program

Step One: In system level, set the limitation of the amount of the files which can be opened by the user who running the Linux Program

# vi /etc/security/limites.conf

Add these lines:

......
rmt  -       nofile  1024
rmt  -       nproc   1024

(Add: Setting the rmt user can open 8192 files and 8192 processes in this Linux as an example here)

Step Two: In program level, check the setting of the amount of the files which can be opened by Linux program

# /bin/systemctl show 'rmt-server-mirror.service' | sort
......
LimitNOFILE=524288
......

(Add: The amount of opening the file by program rmt-server-mirror.service is limited at 8096 as an example here)

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[CONTENT] System local ports batch occupation

Content One: Occupy system local ports manually

# startport=33000;endport=34000;for i in $(seq $startport $endport);do nc -lk $i &;done

(Add: Take start port is 33000 and end port is 34000 as an example here)

Content Two: Release all ports which are opened manually (kill all nc command processes)

# for i in $(ps -aux | grep nc | grep '\-lk' | awk '{print $2}');do kill $i; done
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[步骤] Linux page_owner 排查工具的使用 （记录内存的使用情况）

正文：

步骤一：查看 page_owner 是否开启

1.1 通过 dmesg 命令查看 page_owner 是否开启

# dmesg | grep page_owner
[    1.149165] page_owner is disabled

（补充：当显示此类信息时则 page_owner 没有开启）

1.2 通过 /sys/kernel/debug/ 目录查看 page_ownerr 是否开启

# ls -l /sys/kernel/debug/page_owner
ls: cannot access /sys/kernel/debug/page_owner: No such file or directory.

（补充：当 /sys/kernel/debug/page_owner 文件不存在时则 page_owner 没有开启）

步骤二：开启 page_owner

2.1 开启 page_owner

# grubby --args="page_owner=on" --update-kernel=0

（注意：开启 page_owner 会额外占用一定量的内存）

2.2 重启系统

# reboot

2.3 确认 page_owner 已经开启

2.3.1 通过 dmesg 命令确认 page_owner 是否开启
# dmesg | grep page_owner
[    0.000000] Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=(hd0,gpt2)/vmlinuz-4.18.0-425.19.2.el8_7.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/rootvg-rootlv ro ipv6.disable=1 audit=1 audit_backlog_limit=8192 crashkernel=auto resume=/dev/mapper/rootvg-swaplv rd.lvm.lv=rootvg/rootlv rd.lvm.lv=rootvg/swaplv rhgb quiet rd.shell=0 page_owner=on
[    0.000000] Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=(hd0,gpt2)/vmlinuz-4.18.0-425.19.2.el8_7.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/rootvg-rootlv ro ipv6.disable=1 audit=1 audit_backlog_limit=8192 crashkernel=auto resume=/dev/mapper/rootvg-swaplv rd.lvm.lv=rootvg/rootlv rd.lvm.lv=rootvg/swaplv rhgb quiet rd.shell=0 page_owner=o

（补充：当显示此类信息时则 page_owner 已经开启）

2.3.2 通过 /sys/kernel/debug/ 目录确认 page_ownerr 是否开启
# ls -l /sys/kernel/debug/page_owner
-r--------. 1 root root 0 Apr 13 14:36 /sys/kernel/debug/page_owner

（补充：当 /sys/kernel/debug/page_owner 文件存在时则 page_owner 已经开启）

步骤三：分析 page_owner 产生的记录

3.1 导出 page_owner 产生的记录

# cat /sys/kernel/debug/page_owner > page_owner_full.txt

（补充：这里以将 page_owner 产生的记录导出到名为 page_owner_full.txt 文件为例）

（
注意：
1) 此命令会产生体积很巨大的文件
2) 此命令会持续执行直到手动取消
3) 可以通过同时按下 “ctrl” 键和 “C” 键或者使用 kill 命令取消
4) 如果内存变化较快则可以让此命令多执行一会，反之则可以少执行一会
）

3.2 解析 page_owner 产生的记录

# page_owner_sort page_owner_full.txt sorted_page_owner.txt
loaded 42903
sorting ....
culling

（补充：这里以分析名为 page_owner_full.txt 的文件并将分析结果导入到 sorted_page_owner.txt 文件为例）

3.3 查看 page_owner 产生的记录

# less sorted_page_owner.txt
1 times:
Page allocated via order 0, mask 0x0(), pid 1, tgid 1 (swapper/0), ts 48952109 ns, free_ts 0 ns
PFN 4096 type Unmovable Block 8 type Unmovable Flags 0xfffffc0000100(slab|node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x1fffff)
 register_early_stack+0x28/0x60
 init_page_owner+0x30/0x2d0
 kernel_init_freeable+0x13c/0x232
 kernel_init+0xa/0x108

1 times:
Page allocated via order 0, mask 0x0(), pid 1, tgid 1 (swapper/0), ts 48952566 ns, free_ts 0 ns
PFN 4097 type Unmovable Block 8 type Unmovable Flags 0xfffffc0000100(slab|node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x1fffff)
 register_early_stack+0x28/0x60
 init_page_owner+0x30/0x2d0
 kernel_init_freeable+0x13c/0x232
 kernel_init+0xa/0x108
......

（补充：这里以查看名为 sorted_page_owner.txt 文件里的分析结果为例）

步骤四：关闭 page_owner

4.1 开启 page_owner

# grubby --remove-args="page_owner=on" --update-kernel=0

（注意：关闭 page_owner 会额外释放一定量的内存）

4.2 重启系统

# reboot

4.3 确认 page_owner 已关闭

4.3.1 通过 dmesg 命令确认 page_owner 是否关闭
# dmesg | grep page_owner
[    2.022585] page_owner is disabled

（补充：当显示此类信息时则 page_owner 没有开启）

4.3.2 通过 /sys/kernel/debug/ 目录确认 page_ownerr 是否关闭
# ls -l /sys/kernel/debug/page_owner
ls: cannot access '/sys/kernel/debug/page_owner': No such file or directory

（补充：当 /sys/kernel/debug/page_owner 文件不存在时则 page_owner 没有开启）

参考文献：

https://access.redhat.com/solutions/5609521

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[CONTENT] Linux maximum number of processes setting

Case One: Set the maximum number of processes for all users

# vim /etc/security/limits.conf

Add the following

......
* soft nofile 10240
* hard nofile 10240

(Add: Take maximum number of processes is 10240 for everyone as an example here)

Case Two: Set the maximum number of processes for one group

# vim /etc/security/limits.conf

Add the following

......
@mingyuzhu soft nofile 10240
@mingyuzhu hard nofile 10240

(Add: Take maximum number of processes is 10240 for group mingyuzhu as an example here)

Case Two: Set the maximum number of processes for one user

# vim /etc/security/limits.conf

Add the following

......
mingyuzhu soft nofile 10240
mingyuzhu hard nofile 10240

(Add: Take maximum number of processes is 10240 for user mingyuzhu as an example here)