Category: System and System Software’s Update and Patch (系统和系统软件的更新和补丁)

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[步骤] 系统升级 （从 openSUSE Leap 15.6 升级到 openSUSE Leap 16.0）

步骤一：显示现在的系统版本

# cat /etc/*release*
NAME="openSUSE Leap"
VERSION="15.6"
ID="opensuse-leap"
ID_LIKE="suse opensuse"
VERSION_ID="15.6"
PRETTY_NAME="openSUSE Leap 15.6"
ANSI_COLOR="0;32"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:opensuse:leap:15.6"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.opensuse.org"
HOME_URL="https://www.opensuse.org/"
DOCUMENTATION_URL="https://en.opensuse.org/Portal:Leap"
LOGO="distributor-logo-Leap"

（注意：确保显示的系统版本是 openSUSE Leap 15.6）

步骤二：准备升级

2.1 确认已使用的软件库

# zypper ls -d
# | Alias       | Name        | Enabled | GPG Check | Refresh | Priority | Type   | URI
--+-------------+-------------+---------+-----------+---------+----------+--------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | Debug-OSS   | Debug-OSS   | Yes     | (r ) Yes  | Yes     |   99     | rpm-md | http://download.opensuse.org/debug/distribution/leap/15.6/repo/oss/
2 | Non-OSS     | Non-OSS     | Yes     | (r ) Yes  | Yes     |   99     | rpm-md | http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/leap/15.6/repo/non-oss/
3 | OSS         | OSS         | Yes     | (r ) Yes  | Yes     |   99     | rpm-md | http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/leap/15.6/repo/oss/
4 | Src-Non-OSS | Src-Non-OSS | Yes     | (r ) Yes  | Yes     |   99     | rpm-md | http://download.opensuse.org/source/distribution/leap/15.6/repo/non-oss/
5 | Src-OSS     | Src-OSS     | Yes     | (r ) Yes  | Yes     |   99     | rpm-md | http://download.opensuse.org/source/distribution/leap/15.6/repo/oss/

（
补充：
1) 确保以上软件库已处于 Enabled 状态
2) 手动启动这些软件库的命令如下

# zypper ar -f http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/leap/\$releasever/repo/oss/ OSS
# zypper ar -f http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/leap/\$releasever/repo/non-oss/ Non-OSS
# zypper ar -f http://download.opensuse.org/source/distribution/leap/\$releasever/repo/oss/ Src-OSS
# zypper ar -f http://download.opensuse.org/source/distribution/leap/\$releasever/repo/non-oss/ Src-Non-OSS
# zypper ar -f http://download.opensuse.org/debug/distribution/leap/\$releasever/repo/oss/ Debug-OSS

）

2.2 刷新已使用的软件库

# zypper ref

（注意：确保刷新成功，否则请检查网络）

2.3 将所有 openSUSE Leap 15.6 软件包更新到最新版本

# zypper -n update

2.4 用 releasever 变量替换所有版本号

# sed -i 's/15.6/${releasever}/g' /etc/zypp/repos.d/*.repo

步骤三：升级系统

3.1 升级系统

# sudo zypper --releasever 16.0 dup

3.2 重启系统

# reboot
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[排错] 解决 Ubuntu dpkg 数据库损坏 （apt 更新到一半时意外中断）

解决方法：

步骤一：重新配置 dpkg 数据库

# sudo dpkg --configure -a

步骤二：修复 apt 的中断

# sudo apt install --fix-broken

步骤三：删除报错的软件包

# sudo apt remove --purge postfix

（补充：这里以删除报错的 postfix 软件包为例）

步骤四：删除不用的软件包

4.1 清理 apt 缓存

# sudo apt clean

4.2 删除不用的软件包

# sudo apt autoremove

步骤五：更新所有软件包

5.1 下载所有需要更新的软件包

# sudo apt update

5.2 升级所有软件包

# sudo apt upgrade

步骤六：重新安装前面报错并删除的软件包

# sudo apt-get install postfix

（补充：这里以重新安装前面报错并删除的 postfix 软件包为例）

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[内容] 软件源的设置 （Ubuntu 版）

内容一：添加 Ubuntu 软件源

# cat /etc/apt/sources.list
# Ubuntu sources have moved to /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources
# vim /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources

创建以下内容：

Types: deb
URIs: http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/
Suites: noble-security
Components: main restricted universe multiverse
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg

内容二：添加第 3 方软件源

# cat /etc/apt/sources.list
# Ubuntu sources have moved to /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources
# vim /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources

创建以下内容：

Types: deb
URIs: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/
Suites: noble noble-updates noble-backports
Components: main restricted universe multiverse
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg

（补充：这里以添加阿里云的软件源为例）