内容一:导出 iptables 防火墙规则
# iptables-save > /root/iptables_save
(补充:这里以将 iptables 防火墙规则导出到 /root/iptables_save 文件为例)
内容二:导入 iptables 防火墙规则
# iptables-restore < /root/iptables_save
(补充:这里以将 /root/iptables_save 文件里的内容导入到 iptables 防火墙为例)
# iptables-save > /root/iptables_save
(补充:这里以将 iptables 防火墙规则导出到 /root/iptables_save 文件为例)
# iptables-restore < /root/iptables_save
(补充:这里以将 /root/iptables_save 文件里的内容导入到 iptables 防火墙为例)
# snmpwalk -v3 -u siemens -l authNoPriv -a MD5 -x DES -A '<user>' -X '<password>' localhost
rhel-8-for-x86_64-baseos-rpms
rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rpms
satellite-tools-6.10-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms
(补充:这里以 Red Hat Satellite Tool 6.10 软件源为例)
# tcpdump <option> <proto> <dir> <type>
1) -A use ASCII print all data, it is convenient for read website date.
2) -c <number>, number of packet captures
3) -C <file size>,size of file
4) -e, display data link layer
5) -G <second>, create a new file after these seconds
6) -l, send the output to next command, example: tcpdump -i eth0 -s0 | grep 'Server:'
7) -n, do not resolve domain only display IP address
8) -nn, do not resolve domain and port only display IP address
9) -i <interface>, such as internet card and can use: -i any
10) -p, only display the data which point it self
11) -r <file>, read data from file
12) -s <snaplen>, size of length of the network package and can use: -s 0 to ulimite the length, the default value is 96B
13) -v , display detail
14) -vv, display detail more than -v
15) -vvv, display detail more than -vv
16) -w <file>, write the output result into a file
17) -W <number>, how many files will output result into
1) tcp or proto 6
2) udp or proto 17
3) icmp, example: proto \\icmp is icmp
4) ip
5) ip6
6) arp
7) rarp
8) ether
9) wlan
1) src
2) dst
1) host <IP address>
2) net <network segment>, example: 10 is 10.x.x.x/8 , 192.168.0 is 192.168.0.0/24
3) port <port>
4) portrange <port range>
1) and or &&
2) or or ||
3) not or !
# tcpdump -i any dst 192.168.0.1 and udp port 514
(补充:这里以显示发送到 IP 地址 192.168.0.1 的 UDP 514 端口为例,如果有这类网络数据包的话则详细信息会在命令输出后显示出来)
# tcpdump -vv src host 192.168.0.1
(补充:这里以显示从 IP 地址 192.168.0.1 发送来的网络数据包为例,如果有这类网络数据包的话则详细信息会在命令输出后显示出来)
# tcpdump -i any -w /tmp/telnet.cap
(补充:这里以将所有抓到的数据包导出到文件 /tmp/telnet.cap 为例)
# tcpdump -i eth0 -s 0 -w /tmp/$(hostname)-$(date +"%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S").pcap host 192.168.1.1 or host 192.168.1.2
(补充:这里以将网卡 eth0 网卡上抓到的来源或目的是 192.168.1.1 或 192.168.1.2 的数据包导出到文件 /tmp/$(hostname)-$(date +”%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S”).pcap 为例)
# dnf install @xfce-desktop-enviroment
或者:
# yum groupinstall "Xfce Desktop"
或者:
# dnf group install -y "Xfce Desktop"
Fedora Xfce 定制版展示了 Xfce 桌面,Xfce 桌面追求快速和轻巧,同时用户界面友好并有精彩的视觉盛宴。
https://spins.fedoraproject.org/xfce/
# dnf install @lxde-desktop
或者:
# yum groupinstall "LXDE Desktop"
或者:
# dnf group install -y "LXDE Desktop"
LXDE,全名为“轻量级 X11 桌面环境”,是一款极速轻快、实用而且低功耗的桌面环境。
https://spins.fedoraproject.org/lxde/
# dnf install @lxqt-desktop
或者:
# yum groupinstall "LXQt Desktop"
或者:
# dnf group install -y "LXQt Desktop"
Fedora LXQt 提供了一个轻量、完整的 LXQt 桌面环境。
https://spins.fedoraproject.org/zh_Hans_CN/lxqt/
# dnf install @cinnamon-desktop
或者:
# yum groupinstall "Cinnamon Desktop"
或者:
# dnf group install -y "Cinnamon Desktop"
Cinnamon 是一种提供高级创新功能并且尊重传统的用户习惯的Linux桌面环境。
https://spins.fedoraproject.org/cinnamon/
# dnf install @mate-desktop
或者:
# yum groupinstall "MATE Desktop"
或者:
# dnf group install -y "MATE Desktop"
MATE Compiz 是一款轻量、强大,专为高效率和高性能打造的桌面环境。
https://spins.fedoraproject.org/mate-compiz/
Sugar 的安装方法
# yum groupinstall "Sugar Desktop Environment"
或者:
# dnf group install -y "Sugar Desktop Environment"
Deepin 的安装方法
# yum groupinstall "Deepin Desktop"
或者:
# dnf group install -y "Deepin Desktop"
# yum groupinstall "i3 desktop"
或者:
# dnf group install -y "i3 desktop"
Fedora i3 定制版提供了流行的 i3 平铺窗口管理器。其使得 i3 对于那些不想用鼠标、触摸板,或是其他指点设备的无论是新手还是高级用户都易于访问且更具吸引力。
https://spins.fedoraproject.org/i3/
Basic 的安装方法
# yum groupinstall "Basic Desktop"
或者:
# dnf group install -y "Basic Desktop"
Pantheon 的安装方法
# yum groupinstall "Pantheon Desktop"
或者:
# dnf group install -y "Pantheon Desktop"
KDE 的安装方法
# dnf install @KDE-desktop
或者:
# yum groupinstall "KDE Plasma Workspaces"
或者:
# dnf group install -y "KDE Plasma Workspaces"
GNOME 的安装方法
# dnf install @gnome
或者:
# yum groupinstall "GNOME"
或者:
# dnf group install -y "GNOME"