Author: Mingyu Zhu

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[排错] Linux 解决日志里报错 “kernel: [829455.595333][ C10] critical target error, dev sda, sector 104056241 op 0x3:(DISCARD) ……”

报错代码：

kernel: [829455.595333][ C10] critical target error, dev sda, sector 104056241 op 0x3:(DISCARD) ......

分析：

如果是在 VMware 上运行的虚拟机在日志里出现 critical target error 此类报错，尤其是涉及到 DISCARD 操作的错误，通常是由 VMware 进行硬盘垃圾空间回收或者进行硬盘优化造成的。

解决方法：

VMware 的控制平台上，检查宿主机的硬盘是否正常。若不正常则修复或者更换硬盘。

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[步骤] 系统升级 （从 openSUSE Leap 15.4 升级到 openSUSE Leap 15.5）

步骤一：显示现在的系统版本

# cat /etc/*release*
NAME="openSUSE Leap"
VERSION="15.4"
ID="opensuse-leap"
ID_LIKE="suse opensuse"
VERSION_ID="15.4"
PRETTY_NAME="openSUSE Leap 15.4"
ANSI_COLOR="0;32"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:opensuse:leap:15.4"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.opensuse.org"
HOME_URL="https://www.opensuse.org/"

（注意：确保显示的系统版本是 openSUSE Leap 15.4）

步骤二：准备升级

2.1 确认已使用的软件库

# zypper ls -d
#  | Alias                     | Name                               | Enabled | GPG Check | Refresh | Priority | Type   | URI
---+---------------------------+------------------------------------+---------+-----------+---------+----------+--------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1  | repo-non-oss              | Non-OSS Repository                                           | Yes     | (r ) Yes  | Yes     |   99     | rpm-md | http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/leap/15.4/repo/non-oss/
2  | repo-oss                  | Main Repository                                              | Yes     | (r ) Yes  | Yes     |   99     | rpm-md | http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/leap/15.4/repo/oss/
3  | repo-update               | Main Update Repository                                       | Yes     | (r ) Yes  | Yes     |   99     | rpm-md | http://download.opensuse.org/update/leap/15.4/oss/
4  | repo-update-non-oss       | Update Repository (Non-Oss)                                  | Yes     | (r ) Yes  | Yes     |   99     | rpm-md | http://download.opensuse.org/update/leap/15.4/non-oss/
5  | repo-backports-update     | Update repository of openSUSE Backports                      | Yes     | (r ) Yes  | Yes     |   99     | rpm-md | http://download.opensuse.org/update/leap/15.4/backports/
6  | repo-sle-update           | Update repository with updates from SUSE Linux Enterprise 15 | Yes     | (r ) Yes  | Yes     |   99     | rpm-md | http://download.opensuse.org/update/leap/15.4/sle/

（
补充：
1) 确保以上软件库已处于 Enabled 状态
2) 手动启动这些软件库的命令如下

# zypper ar -fcg http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/leap/${releasever}/repo/non-oss/ Non-OSS Repository
# zypper ar -fcg http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/leap/${releasever}/repo/oss/ Main Repository
# zypper ar -fcg http://download.opensuse.org/update/leap/${releasever}/oss/ Main Update Repository
# zypper ar -fcg http://download.opensuse.org/update/leap/${releasever}/non-oss/ Update Repository (Non-Oss)
# zypper ar -fcg http://download.opensuse.org/update/leap/${releasever}/backports/ Update repository of openSUSE Backports
# zypper ar -fcg http://download.opensuse.org/update/leap/${releasever}/sle/ Update repository with updates from SUSE Linux Enterprise 15

3) 其中，Main Repository、Main Update Repository、Update repository of openSUSE Backports 和 Update repository with updates from SUSE Linux Enterprise 15 软件库是必须要有的，其他的软件库可以去掉

）

2.2 刷新已使用的软件库

# zypper ref

（注意：确保刷新成功，否则请检查网络）

2.3 将所有 openSUSE Leap 15.4 软件包更新到最新版本

# zypper -n update

2.4 用 releasever 变量替换所有版本号

# sed -i 's/15.4/${releasever}/g' /etc/zypp/repos.d/*.repo

步骤三：升级系统

3.1 将版本号设置为 15.5 并刷新

# zypper --releasever=15.5 refresh

3.2 提前下载并安装 openSUSE Leap 15.5 所需的软件包

# zypper --releasever=15.5 dup --download-in-advance

3.3 升级系统

# zypper --releasever=15.5 dup

3.4 重启系统

# reboot

步骤四：后续检查

4.1 显示升级后的系统版本

# cat /etc/*release*
NAME="openSUSE Leap"
VERSION="15.5"
ID="opensuse-leap"
ID_LIKE="suse opensuse"
VERSION_ID="15.5"
PRETTY_NAME="openSUSE Leap 15.5"
ANSI_COLOR="0;32"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:opensuse:leap:15.5"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.opensuse.org"
HOME_URL="https://www.opensuse.org/"

4.2 显示升级后已使用的软件库

# zypper ls -d
#  | Alias                     | Name                                                         | Enabled | GPG Check | Refresh | Priority | Type   | URI
---+---------------------------+------------------------------------+---------+-----------+---------+----------+--------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1  | repo-non-oss              | Non-OSS Repository                                           | Yes     | (r ) Yes  | Yes     |   99     | rpm-md | http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/leap/15.5/repo/non-oss/
2  | repo-oss                  | Main Repository                                              | Yes     | (r ) Yes  | Yes     |   99     | rpm-md | http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/leap/15.5/repo/oss/
3  | repo-update               | Main Update Repository                                       | Yes     | (r ) Yes  | Yes     |   99     | rpm-md | http://download.opensuse.org/update/leap/15.5/oss/
4  | repo-update-non-oss       | Update Repository (Non-Oss)                                  | Yes     | (r ) Yes  | Yes     |   99     | rpm-md | http://download.opensuse.org/update/leap/15.5/non-oss/
5  | repo-backports-update     | Update repository of openSUSE Backports                      | Yes     | (r ) Yes  | Yes     |   99     | rpm-md | http://download.opensuse.org/update/leap/15.5/backports/
6  | repo-sle-update           | Update repository with updates from SUSE Linux Enterprise 15 | Yes     | (r ) Yes  | Yes     |   99     | rpm-md | http://download.opensuse.org/update/leap/15.5/sle/

（补充：其中，Main Repository、Main Update Repository、Update repository of openSUSE Backports 和 Update repository with updates from SUSE Linux Enterprise 15 软件库是必须要有的，其他的软件库可以去掉）

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[步骤] SLES supportconfig 命令收集选项的设置

步骤一：supportconfig 的作用理解

supportconfig 是一个 SLES 系统搜集系统整体情况的命令，我们可以选择搜集哪些信息

步骤二：supportconfig 命令收集选项的设置

2.1 创建 /etc/supportconfig.conf 文件

# supportconfig -C

2.2 让 supportconfig 命令不搜集某些信息

# sed -i 's\OPTION_AUDIT=1\OPTION_AUDIT=0\g' /etc/supportconfig.conf

（补充：这里使 supportconfig 命令不搜集 audit 日志为例）

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Several situations of Linux automatically reboot without reboot logs in the /var/log/messages

Situation One

This Linux server is a virtual server. If we reboot it though its virtual software, there is no relevant logs in the /var/log/messages.

Situation Two

This Linux server is a member of a pacemaker cluster. If the pacemaker cluster software fences this server for protecting the whole cluster, there is no relate logs in the /var/log/messages.

Situation Three

This Linux server has critical problems in its system or hardware. Core panic of Linux and hardware problem both can reboot the system automatically without any reboot logs in the /var/log/messages.